Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu have been recognized as leaders in the Vehicle Ownership Simplicity Index, while Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal occupy the last places. These results reflect significant differences in the procedures for transferring ownership of used cars.
This data is part of the 2026 Vehicle Ownership Simplicity Index (EVOI), prepared by Consumer Voice and Indiatech. The study covered systems and procedures in 15 major Indian states and Delhi, analyzing over 85% of the organized used vehicle market in the country.
No state achieved the 'high simplicity' or 'excellent' categories. Andhra Pradesh, which ranked highest, received only 5.9 points on a scale of 0 to 10. Kerala scored 5.7, followed by Tamil Nadu and Delhi, both receiving 4.6 points. The next positions were held by Karnataka (4.3), Gujarat (4.2), Madhya Pradesh (4.1), as well as Maharashtra and Telangana (both 4.1 points), and Punjab (4).
Rajasthan (4) and Haryana (3.9) also fell into the lower half of the ranking. At the bottom of the rankings were West Bengal (2.6), Bihar (2.5), and Uttar Pradesh (2.5).
This report is published against the backdrop of the rapid growth of the used car market in India, which is projected to increase from $36.4 billion in 2025 to over $73.5 billion by 2030. The volume of the used car market has already surpassed new vehicle sales. Nevertheless, disparate state-level rules, incomplete digitalization, and complex procedures continue to hinder the smooth transfer of vehicle ownership.
The study, which included interviews, found that 39% of citizens reported delays in receiving registration certificates after completing the vehicle transfer. Furthermore, 61.5% of respondents were unaware of the requirement for a guarantor before reaching the relevant RTO. Additionally, up to 63% of respondents could not accurately estimate the total cost of the ownership transfer process, indicating widespread opacity in transaction fees.
Interestingly, all respondents stated that they resorted to intermediaries or agents to complete the ownership transfer due to administrative complexity. In conclusion, the report called for the creation of a unified digital vehicle registry system, standardized procedures for issuing no-objection certificates, real-time integration between banks and transport departments for automatic lien removal after loan repayment, and ensuring transparent and time-bound service provision across all RTOs.



