Pope Leo XIV defends disarmament of AI systems and human oversight in critical decisions
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Olhar Digital
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Pope Leo XIV defends disarmament of AI systems and human oversight in critical decisions

Pope Leo XIV expressed his support for the disarmament of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, emphasizing that all decisions concerning human life must remain under human supervision. Furthermore, the pontiff urged UN member countries to advance the prohibition of autonomous lethal weaponry.

During an event focused on AI, the leader of the Catholic Church warned about the dangers of delegating human judgments to machines and advocated for the creation of international norms to guide the advancement of this technology. In his speech at the meeting titled 'The future of AI: a dialogue between the Vatican and the scientific world on the advances and applications of intelligent technologies,' Leo XIV established five guidelines for AI development.

This meeting was organized by the Pontifical Academy for Life and the Future of Life Institute. The pontiff stressed that the destiny of technology lies in the choices made by human beings, who must direct, alter, and if necessary, reject its applications. He argued that this responsibility cannot be transferred to the machines themselves.

Leo XIV vehemently criticized the idea of attributing rights or legal personality to AI systems, as they lack experiences, bodies, emotions, or affective bonds, and do not assimilate concepts such as love, work, or responsibility. He warned that granting them legal status could mask human responsibility, leaving victims of potential harm facing an impersonal entity.

This stance is consistent with the precepts contained in his encyclical Magnifica Humanitas, which aims to protect the human person in the age of artificial intelligence. The need for human oversight becomes crucial when AI is used in decisions that directly impact people's freedom and lives, such as including individuals in military target lists or border control databases, where they can be reduced to mere data points.

He declared: 'Decisions that affect human life, freedom, and the use of force must always remain subject to effective, informed, and responsible human supervision.' Based on this understanding, the pope encouraged the countries meeting in Geneva in November to adopt concrete measures to veto autonomous lethal weapons.

The concern also echoed in the speech of his predecessor, Francis, during the G7 meeting in 2024. On that occasion, Francis described artificial intelligence as both an exciting and frightening tool, stating that no machine should have the power to decide over someone's life.

Leo XIV also drew a connection between the choice of his papal name and the urgency of dealing with technological progress, referencing Pope Leo XIII, whose papacy coincided with the period of the Industrial Revolution. Another principle defended by the pontiff is that AI should serve society, and not just the interests of privileged groups, and its development should promote solidarity and ensure that the gains of progress are distributed more broadly.

Additionally, the pope highlighted the importance of institutions capable of converting ethical principles into tangible actions, proposing three essential mechanisms for this purpose. Leo XIV concluded his speech by thanking all participants for their contributions to the debate and reinforcing the encouragement for international cooperation aimed at the responsible development of artificial intelligence.

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Pope Leo XIV to Meet Sexual Abuse Victims in South America in November During Visit
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Pope Leo XIV to Meet Sexual Abuse Victims in South America in November During Visit

The Vatican has announced that Pope Leo XIV will hold meetings with victims of sexual abuse within the Catholic Church during his trip to Uruguay, Argentina, and Peru, scheduled from November 6 to 17. In a statement, the Vatican press office noted that these meetings reflect the Pope's desire to express his closeness to all who have been affected by and continue to suffer from this violence.

The itinerary includes Uruguay from November 6 to 8, followed by Argentina from November 8 to 11, and concludes in Peru before November 17. According to Holy See information, in Peru, the Pope intends to compensate victims of actions by a Catholic movement based in the country.

Previously, the predecessor of the current Pope, Pope Francis, ordered the dissolution of the ultra-conservative movement Sodalitium Christianae Vitae (SCV) in Peru after systematic cases of sexual, physical, and psychological abuse by some of its leaders were uncovered.

Peru is a country where Pope Leo XIV spent a significant part of his life; he first visited it as a missionary in the 1980s and served as Bishop of Chiclayo from 2015 to 2023. The current Pope, who holds Peruvian citizenship, has repeatedly advocated for the Church's duty to provide justice and compensation to victims of violence, as well as to work on crime prevention.

Despite the South American trip taking place a month after his operation to remove a lung tumor, it is motivated by Pope Leo XIV's desire to 'create paths to healing together with victims of sexual abuse, accessible to anyone in need,' as stated in the Vatican message. The statement also emphasizes that the Pope's visits to these South American countries will proceed according to plan and are aimed at ensuring that the Church remains a safe and spiritually healthy place that lives and preaches the Gospel.

During his trip to France in October, Pope Leo XIV met with various victims of sexual abuse committed by French clergy and acknowledged that some organizations within the Catholic Church 'sometimes committed systemic violence.' Furthermore, in June, during his visit to Spain, where he also met with victims of sexual abuse, the Pope promised 'additional efforts' and a 'more effective response' to this crime within the Church.

The future of AI will be determined by a combination of various models, not one dominant technology
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The future of AI will be determined by a combination of various models, not one dominant technology

In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence has been perceived as a technological race, where after each launch, new comparisons, benchmark tables, and predictions emerged about which company was approaching leadership in the next major digital transformation. It often seemed that the entire debate boiled down to one question: which model is the best at the moment?

However, after a recent immersion in Silicon Valley, the author got the feeling that this question, while still relevant, is no longer central. Part of this understanding stems from the fact that he visited Silicon Valley almost ten years after his first visit.

There is something interesting about immersing oneself in an ecosystem that unites some of the world's most influential companies, investors, and universities. Just as when traveling to any culture, we begin to absorb local peculiarities, in the US, especially in California, you inevitably become influenced by the speed of releases, technology consumption, and the constant feeling that the future is being built there.

Something similar is happening in Silicon Valley: there is a natural tendency to focus on themes dominating regional conversations and consider them an accurate reflection of the coming years. This often has a basis, as many significant technological changes of the last few decades took place there before reaching the rest of the world.

But any highly connected environment carries a risk: the risk of confusing consensus with absolute certainty. This is what attracted the most attention during the trip.

Unlike most public discussions about AI, few conversations revolved around competition between models or the search for the next technological leap capable of changing the market. A more frequent topic was how artificial intelligence is integrating into the products, processes, and operations of organizations, rather than which laboratory owns the most advanced system at the moment.

This shift in focus manifested differently throughout the week. Discussions with executives from Snowflake and Elementum, for example, were not about which model ranks highest or which company would release the next big thing. The discussion was focused on the transformation of enterprise software. The general consensus was that a phase is beginning where intelligent agents start interacting directly with large volumes of data, performing tasks that previously required manual navigation through systems, report analysis, and making several operational decisions by a human.

For decades, most enterprise software was created to organize information and facilitate human labor. Now, there is an expectation that these systems will not just present information but also act upon it. This may be one of the most important changes brought about by AI. The impact is not only in the technology itself but also in how companies begin to function. For the first time in many years, the discussion seems less related to the tool being used and more to the ability to quickly, integratively, and efficiently turn data into action.

At the same time, some visits showed that not everyone follows the exact same path. For instance, at Liquid AI, there was a viewpoint contrasting with most popular narratives in the sector. While a large part of the industry continues to bet on ever-larger models and ever-more powerful infrastructure, this company is developing more compact systems designed for local operation on devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, and onboard equipment.

The interest in this concept is not just in the technology itself. It reminds us that innovation does not happen in one direction. There is a natural inclination to link technological progress with increased computational power, investment, and model size. However, in many cases, the task is precisely the opposite: creating more efficient, accessible, and easily integrated solutions into people's daily lives and businesses.

Perhaps this was one of the main lessons of the trip. When we look at the AI market from afar, it seems like there is one race going on. But when we look closely, we realize that many different races are happening simultaneously. There are large generative models; there are specialized systems; there are multimodal applications combining text, image, audio, and video; there are enterprise solutions designed to solve very specific problems; and there are companies betting on making all of this easier and more distributed.

Therefore, the idea that the market will move towards one dominant technology is becoming less likely. A scenario of coexistence of different approaches is emerging, each suited for specific contexts, constraints, and needs.

This shift is also changing how organizations approach technology strategy. For a long time, the logic was relatively simple: find the best available tool and implement it. With the advent of AI, the equation includes a number of other variables. Issues of integration, governance, privacy, speed of adoption, operational costs, and business compliance are becoming as important as the complexity of the chosen technology.

In practice, a company may gain much greater value from a simple, well-integrated solution in its processes than from using extremely advanced technology in isolation. Perhaps this is why the discussion of implementation is taking up more space than the discussion of capabilities.

Another aspect that caught attention was the frequent turning of technological conversations into conversations about people. This became particularly evident during the visit to Stanford. Despite the university being in one of the most advanced ecosystems in the world for AI, a significant part of the discussions remained focused on topics such as education, talent development, shaping organizational culture, and leadership development.

This does not seem coincidental. The history of Silicon Valley has never been exclusively a story about technology. It has always been deeply connected to the ability to transform knowledge into innovation. Tools change. Platforms change. Companies appear and disappear. But preparing people who can learn, adapt, and create remains a constant element.

This point becomes even more relevant as AI becomes accessible to more and more organizations. Access to the technology, naturally, tends toward democratization. Knowledge of how to use it strategically, however, remains a difficult-to-replicate advantage.

The systematic implementation of AI requires much more than just hiring a platform or providing new resources to teams. It requires rethinking processes, developing competencies, revising workflows, creating oversight mechanisms, and preparing people to work in an environment where part of the analysis, decision-making, and execution is supported by intelligent systems.

Therefore, the main takeaway the author had after this experience is not about which company will lead the AI race or which model will become the standard in the coming years. The feeling is that we are leaving the phase where the center of discussion was isolated technology and entering a stage much more focused on practical application. The next phase of AI will not be defined by one revolutionary model replacing all others. It will be built on a combination of various technologies, the ability to integrate them into existing processes, and most importantly, the ability of organizations to turn these capabilities into tangible results.

Ultimately, artificial intelligence remains a technological topic. But after so many conversations during the trip, it is hard not to conclude that it is increasingly turning into a discussion of strategy, execution, and organizational adaptation. Perhaps this is why the most important question is no longer who possesses the most advanced AI. The question that seems to be gaining more importance is another: who will be able to use it better.

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