The Bijaur district, situated on the banks of the Ganges, is known for its greenery, sugarcane cultivation, sugar mills, and historical attractions. Due to beliefs associated with Mahatma Vidur, it is also called 'Vidur Bhumi'. To understand the political situation here, it is necessary to consider the agricultural sector, social relations, and the results of past elections.
Bijaur is predominantly an agricultural district where sugarcane, wheat, and rice are grown on a large scale. Sugarcane production plays a vital role in the district's economy. In addition to sugar mills, oil presses and sugar mills operate in the rural areas, which are part of the local business and provide employment. Issues such as fair crop prices for farmers, payment delays, farming costs, and irrigation are of great importance. These issues affect the income of rural families, so agrarian problems often become subjects of political discussion during elections. To understand the politics of the district, it is important to observe how different parties highlight the problems of farmers and local needs.
Bijaur's geographical location also makes it unique: its borders adjoin districts of Uttarakhand. Thanks to the abundance of greenery and agricultural land, most of the district retains a distinct rural lifestyle. Compared to the capital of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Dehradun is relatively closer to this district.
The history and religious identity of Bijaur are also distinctive. There is a belief that during the Mahabharata era, Mahatma Vidur left Hastinapur and settled here. The place where his hut is believed to have been on the banks of the Ganges is known as Vidur Kuti, and it is located about 10 kilometers from the town of Bijaur. The district is also known for numerous historical and religious sites, including Kanva Ashram, Vidur Kuti, Najibuddal Fort, Parsanat Fort, and the Dargha-e-Aliya Najfe-Hindu Mosque in Jogirampur. These places demonstrate the historical and cultural diversity of Bijaur.
According to the 2011 census data, the population of Bijaur was approximately 36.08 million people. A significant number of both Hindus and Muslims reside in the district. According to available information, the Hindu share is about 55 percent, and Muslims are about 45 percent. Among Hindus, there is also a significant proportion of Dalit community members. Furthermore, the influence of communities such as Jat, Chauhan, and Tyagi is noted in different parts of the district. Muslim voters also play an important role in the electoral equations of the district.
Bijaur has eight constituencies: Bijaur, Chandpur, Nurur, Dhampur, Badhapur, Nagina, Najibabad, and Nahatur. The Nagina and Nahatur constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Castes. In the 2022 legislative assembly elections, the competition in the district was between the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Socialist Party (SP). Both parties secured four victories each. The difference in votes also varied depending on the constituency. For example, in Chandpur, Swami Omvesh of SP defeated Kamlesh Sani of BJP by a margin of 234 votes. In Dhampur, Ashok Kumar Rana of BJP defeated Naim Ul Hasan of SP by a margin of 203 votes. In Nagina, Manoj Kumar of SP defeated Dr. Yashwant Singh of BJP by a margin of over 26 thousand votes. In Najibabad, Taslim Ahmed of SP defeated Rajaarendra Singh of BJP by a margin of 23,770 votes. In Nahatur, Omkumar of BJP defeated Munsiram of Ralod by a narrow margin of only 258 votes. In Nurur, Ram Avatar Singh of SP beat Chandra Prakash of BJP by a margin of 6,065 votes. In Badhapur, Kunwar Sushant Singh of BJP defeated Kapil Kumar of SP by a margin of 14,345 votes. In Bijaur, Suchi of BJP defeated Niraj Chaudhary of Ralod by a margin of 1,445 votes. These results show that the vote difference was quite small in constituencies like Chandpur, Dhampur, and Nahatur, whereas SP candidates achieved convincing victories in Nagina and Najibabad, reflecting the differences in the district's political landscape.
A comparison of the 2017 and 2022 results showed a change in the electoral equations. In the 2017 elections, the BJP won six out of eight constituencies in the district: Bijaur, Chandpur, Nurur, Dhampur, Badhapur, and Nahatur; representatives of the SP won in Nagina and Najibabad. Subsequently, by-elections were held in Nurur, where Naimul Hasan of SP won after the death of a BJP MLA in a road accident. Comparing the 2017 and 2022 results demonstrates a shift in the district's politics: the BJP, which won six seats in 2017, reduced to four in 2022, while the SP captured four seats. This contrast indicates that the electoral equations in Bijaur are not constant and can change depending on the elections.
Another picture was observed in the Lok Sabha elections. Bijaur has two Lok Sabha constituencies: Bijaur and Nagina. In the 2019 elections, the BSP-SP coalition succeeded in both constituencies. Maluk Nagar from BSP and Girish Chandra from Nagina were elected as MPs from BSP. However, the results changed in the 2024 elections. In the Bijaur constituency, Chandan Chauhan of the National People's Party defeated Dipak of SP. Meanwhile, from the Nagina constituency, Chandra Shankar of the Azad Samaj Party (Kanshiram) won.