When consulting a doctor about five main signs of cancer, weight loss is often mentioned as one such symptom. However, it is important to understand what constitutes normal weight loss over a certain period and when it might indicate a risk of developing cancer. A doctor explained this.
Dr. Rohit Kapur from the Oncology Department at Max Medical Center in Vaishali notes that rapid weight loss is a serious sign of cancer. It should be noted, however, that such weight loss must occur without any changes in diet or physical exercise, and in the absence of other diseases such as diabetes or metabolic disorders. If these conditions are not met, weight loss may indicate cancer.
There are several reasons why weight may decrease with cancer. When cancerous cells actively grow in the body, they release chemical substances such as cytokines. These chemicals significantly accelerate metabolism, causing the body to burn more calories even at rest. As a result of intense calorie expenditure, weight loss occurs.
Furthermore, the imbalance of these chemicals affects areas of the brain that regulate appetite, leading to decreased appetite in the patient and, consequently, weight loss. Cancer cells also require a large amount of energy, and to meet this need, they begin to break down the body's muscle tissue, which also contributes to a reduction in body mass.
Dr. Rohit points out that if a person's weight decreases by 5% or more of their total body weight within six to twelve months without apparent reason, they should see a doctor. For example, if the weight is 60 kilograms, a loss of 3 kilograms or more in six months requires a specialist consultation. Moreover, if serious symptoms are added to this, such as finding lumps in the body, unexplained enlargement of lymph nodes, persistent fever, night sweats, or anemia, the need for cancer screening becomes even more critical.
Cancer testing is also required if there is blood in the stool, a persistent cough, or pain in any part of the body that does not go away.
The decision to perform specific tests is made by the doctor based on the identified symptoms. Nevertheless, upon the appearance of signs, tests such as CBC, KFT, LFT, ESR/CRP, HbA1c, TSH, and urine analysis can be considered. It is also recommended to undergo cancer screening according to age and to perform targeted imaging or endoscopy if necessary.