Besides the formation of a lump, there are other signs that may indicate breast cancer, including changes in breast shape and size, as well as nipple changes and persistent pain. These seven symptoms should be closely monitored.
Every October, as part of Breast Cancer Awareness Month, people are urged to pay attention to their breast health and learn to recognize any changes that might signal problems.
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2022, breast cancer was the most common type of cancer among women in 157 out of 185 countries. Recognizing these warning signs and seeking medical help when unusual changes appear helps people receive a diagnosis and start treatment as early as possible.
Although not every change in the breast means cancer, it is crucial to know what to look out for. Breast cancer can affect women of any age, as well as men. The WHO has provided information on seven such warning signs:
Lump in the breast or armpit
One of the most well-known signs of breast cancer is the appearance of a new lump or thickening in the breast area or armpit. Such a lump may feel hard or different from the surrounding tissue, and it may not cause pain. However, not all lumps are malignant, and some can be caused by harmless conditions. A specialist should be consulted if any new or unusual lump is found; one should not wait until it starts to hurt.
Change in breast size or shape
Breasts naturally come in different sizes, and a slight difference between one and the other is considered normal. However, a sudden or unexplained change in the size or shape of one breast may be a signal requiring a medical examination. Attention should be paid to unusual swelling, changes in appearance, or any differences that were not previously observed.
Skin dimpling or puckering
Have you noticed that the skin on your breast looks different than usual? Breast cancer can cause indentations, puckering, or uneven skin texture. In some cases, the skin surface may resemble an orange peel. Since these changes can be subtle, it is important to carefully monitor the appearance and texture of the breast.
Nipple changes
A nipple that suddenly turns inward, becomes flat, or changes its position can be a warning sign. Although some people have inverted nipples initially, any new change in the shape or direction of the nipple should not be ignored. Special attention should be paid to changes affecting one or both nipples, especially if they are accompanied by other unusual symptoms in the breast.
Unusual nipple discharge
Nipple discharge does not always indicate cancer, but certain changes require a doctor's consultation. One should monitor the fluid coming from the nipple when a woman is not breastfeeding, especially if it is bloody or appears without squeezing. If unexplained discharge is found, an appointment with a healthcare professional should be made to determine the cause.
Redness, swelling, or rash on the breast
Changes in the skin around the breast or nipple can sometimes indicate an underlying problem. One should watch for unexplained redness, swelling, rash, peeling, or irritation around the nipple. In people with darker skin, redness may appear as a darker or reddish-brown area, so changes in color and texture are important. These symptoms can also be the result of infections or other non-cancerous conditions, but persistent or unusual changes should be checked by a doctor.
Persistent pain in the breast or armpit
Breast pain is a common occurrence and is usually not related to cancer. Discomfort can be caused by hormonal changes, menstruation, and other conditions. Nevertheless, persistent or unexplained pain in the breast or armpit, especially if accompanied by a lump, swelling, or skin changes, requires evaluation. One cannot assume that the absence of pain guarantees complete health, as breast cancer can develop without pain, so it is important to recognize other warning signs.
