Many people use only one type of cement when building housing. Due to lack of information, even contractors in villages and small towns often ignore this aspect, which is incorrect practice. It is necessary to understand that different types of cement are used for different elements of a house.
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland cement with pozzolana (PPC), and slag cement (PSC) are primarily used in construction and building works. Often, these cements are used in structures without proper knowledge of their quality, although each type of cement has its unique properties and is intended for different types of construction work.
OPC is the most common cement; it sets quickly and provides high strength. It is produced in three main classes: 33, 43, and 53. Class 33 cement is used for less loaded tasks, such as ordinary masonry and plastering. Class 43 cement is also used in the construction of ordinary houses for plastering and floors. While Class 53 cement belongs to the high-strength type.
The second type is PPC, which contains fly ash. It gives a more durable structure and a smooth surface over time, while also reducing cracking. The third type is PSC, which protects against moisture and chemical exposure. It is used in underground construction or near water.
After studying the quality and strength of various cements, it becomes clear which specific cement should be used for a particular task. Generally, OPC Class 53 or PSC is used for the foundation and plinth of a house, as these structures require significant strength because they bear the entire load of the building.
Similarly, OPC Class 53 is also used for columns and beams. For pouring the roof, it is preferable to use high-quality PPC or OPC Class 43. OPC Class 43 or 53 is also suitable for building stairs.
PPC or OPC Class 33 cement is used for wall masonry. Since walls are not load-bearing structures, smooth finish, low shrinkage tendency, and ease of use are important here. Thus, in the construction of every house and in every structure, the same cement is not used; different types of cement are required for different construction tasks.