The National Council on Gambling (NGB) cautions South Africans, particularly those aged 25 to 34, against relying on gambling as a means of supplementary income. Recent studies have revealed a growing prevalence of problematic gambling behavior within this age group, raising concerns about financial vulnerability and the impact of digital access to games.
NGB Executive Director, Lungile Dukwana, stated that the 2023/24 study showed that the 25 to 34 age group constituted a significant portion of participants across all major forms of gambling. According to the study, 53% of participants in online sports betting and other related activities were between 25 and 34 years old. This same age group made up 53% of retail sports betting participants and 49% of casino participants.
The study also found that 55% of identified players with problems belonged to this age group. However, Dukwana emphasized that one cannot directly link a specific type of gambling to problem gambling among young adults. He noted: 'Among players with problems overall, the most frequently preferred forms were lottery draws (56%), National Lottery (55%), and sports betting (50%).' He added that the study does not detail which specific form of gambling is responsible for problems in the 25–34 age group, so concluding that only sports betting is the cause would be incorrect.
NGB States That Betting Dominates the Gambling Market
Although NGB is cautious about attributing gambling behavior solely to unemployment or financial pressure, its research indicates that financial motives are an important incentive for participation. Dukwana reported that the study identified 'the possibility of winning a large sum of money and the need for additional income' as one of the main reasons people gamble. Furthermore, some respondents viewed gambling as a way to cover expenses or overcome financial difficulties.
Particular attention is paid to pressure on family budgets. According to the study, 54% of players reported using winnings to purchase essential household needs, and 43% to repay debts or pay bills. Participants also mentioned gambling to compensate for lost income. Dukwana strongly recommended against viewing gambling as a substitute for stable employment or income. He stated: 'Thus, the study gives us grounds to worry about financially vulnerable people who view gambling as a possible escape from economic hardship.' Nevertheless, he clarified that claiming that unemployment or the rising cost of living directly causes gambling would be inaccurate. The main message remains unchanged: gambling should never replace a stable income.
This warning came amid a rapidly expanding betting market. NGB industry statistics show that Gross Gaming Revenue (GGR) grew from approximately 35.9 billion rand in the 2023/24 fiscal year to 52 billion rand in 2024/25, representing an increase of 44.7% in just one year. Betting now accounts for about 69.8% of South Africa's total GGR, compared to 22.3% for casinos.
The rise of smartphones and digital platforms has fundamentally changed how South Africans access gambling. The NGB study found that 92% of players using online games did so via mobile phones. Online sports betting and racing were identified as the most frequently used form of online gambling; participants cited convenience, immediate access to funds, bonuses, and promotions as reasons for choosing online platforms. Dukwana noted that the rapid development of digital access creates serious challenges for regulators. He added that 'access via mobile phones and computers has led to an increase in illegal online gambling,' and the technological shift has also heightened concerns about 'compulsive and addictive gambling behavior.'
NGB is particularly concerned about the combination of accessibility, convenience, advertising, and continuous access via smartphones. However, he cautioned against assuming that smartphones themselves cause gambling problems. Instead, he explained that increased accessibility removes some practical barriers that previously limited gambling, reinforcing the need for effective consumer protection and responsible gaming measures.
Recent studies show a significant increase in both gambling participation and the number of identified problem gamblers compared to the previous NGB national survey. Overall gambling participation increased from 30.6% in the 2017 study to 65.7% in the 2023 study. The latter study classified 31% of players as problem gamblers, and another 29% as moderate risk players. NGB noted that these results should be interpreted cautiously when compared to earlier data due to differences in methodologies. The 2023 study used a combination of online and in-person surveys, whereas the 2017 study relied mainly on face-to-face interviews in rural and urban areas alongside online interviews. The report also noted that anonymous online surveys may reveal behaviors that respondents are less likely to disclose during personal conversations.
Dukwana concluded that the latest data demonstrates a significantly higher level of identified gambling problems, especially among people aged 25–34, but the figures should not be presented as a simple proportional increase compared to 2017. NGB also highlighted the growing influence of gambling advertising and marketing on social media. Dukwana stated that the proliferation of gambling advertisements has contributed to the normalization of gambling in society and may encourage harmful habits. He noted: 'High exposure to marketing from gambling websites and influencers, combined with the hope and need to win money, is one of the main driving forces pushing young adults toward gambling.'
Despite the existing legal framework containing recommendations on gambling advertising, NGB saw an opportunity to strengthen protection further and developed Norms and Standards for consideration by the relevant authority. Of particular concern is the situation where financially vulnerable consumers begin to perceive gambling as a solution to unemployment, debt, or household financial pressure. NGB warned that people should only gamble with money they can afford to lose and use reputable, licensed gambling operators. Dukwana warned: 'Using money needed for food, housing, transport, education, or debt repayment for gambling can exacerbate, rather than resolve, financial difficulties.' NGB believes that the answer to the gambling problem cannot be reduced to a simple call for responsible play. Its research defines the gambling problem as a broader social and public health issue requiring collaboration between sectors such as health, social development, education, and employment. The NGB program includes education, research, and treatment, providing free counseling and support. People struggling with gambling can also apply for self-exclusion, which includes counseling as part of the process. Dukwana noted that the economic circumstances causing people to feel they have no alternative means of earning money fall outside NGB's mandate and require broader governmental and societal intervention. Nevertheless, the regulator retains a clear duty to educate and protect the public, promote the use of reputable and licensed operators, strengthen responsible gaming measures, and ensure that people affected by gambling know where to seek help.


