In 2013, amethyst was designated as the symbol mineral of Rio Grande do Sul. This recognition was formalized through a bill in 2015, which helped highlight the importance of Ametista do Sul, a picturesque town located in the northern part of the state.
This small municipality, with just over 7 thousand inhabitants, is known as the 'world capital' of the stone that gives it its name. Located approximately 440 kilometers from Porto Alegre and 93 kilometers from Chapecó, the city sits atop the largest amethyst deposit on the planet, and its economy depends on both mineral extraction and tourism and agricultural activities.
The city offers an interesting alternative for those looking to explore the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, proposing routes focused on local history and mining practices.
History and Discovery
Historical records of Ametista do Sul date back to the beginning of the 20th century. At that time, the region, which was previously covered by virgin forest and inhabited by the Kaingang people, began to receive settlers from neighboring towns. The first discoveries of amethyst occurred in the 1940s, when the area received the nickname 'Cordilheira' (Mountain Range).
Amethysts, belonging to the quartz family, are notable for their purple color, which ranges from light lilac to deep and intense purple. Originally, they were found near tree roots, along stream banks, and during the preparation of agricultural fields, which spurred a significant migratory movement in search of these mineral resources. Consequently, horizontal tunnels were initiated that today extend for kilometers beneath the city, housing several important attractions.
Underground Tourist Attractions
A large part of the attractions in Ametista do Sul is located in mines that have been deactivated and now serve various purposes. Among them, the Ametista Park Museum stands out, exhibiting a vast collection containing over 2,000 specimens of rare minerals.
In this museum, the visit begins with a tour through the galleries of a mine inactive for more than 25 years. There, visitors learn about the process of stone formation and the aspects of mining activity. Furthermore, the site offers other experiences, such as a viewpoint, zip line, and a jewelry store.
Another point of interest, situated in a mountainous mining area, is the Belvedere Mine Complex. Its main attraction is the world's only amethyst stone-themed restaurant, built inside a preserved mine 70 meters deep and featuring tables decorated with the mineral. The complex also provides an underground pool illuminated with colors, allowing visitors to learn about mining techniques and regional history. For those planning a longer stay, the location also offers accommodation options.
Additionally, Ametista do Sul hosts Mina Beer, the world's first underground microbrewery. This brewery, located in a deactivated mine, offers the tasting of different types of craft beers in a unique setting, where the walls still show traces of old amethyst extraction operations.