AIIMS Doctor's Advice on Actions for High Fever, Body Aches, and Cough During the Season

August is almost over, and in the coming months, an increase in cases of dengue and malaria is expected in various regions of the country. Both diseases are transmitted through mosquito bites and are accompanied by fever, but their symptoms differ. Experts have clarified what the difference between these diseases is.

Dr. L. H. Goteker, Medical Superintendent at Lady Harding Medical College in Delhi, noted that malaria and dengue are tropical diseases transmitted by mosquitoes that cause high temperatures. Nevertheless, their causes, mosquito types, symptoms, and treatment methods differ.

Malaria is an infection caused by a parasite and is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus, which are active at night. Dengue, on the other hand, is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti genus, which are active during the day.

Malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium. It spreads through female Anopheles mosquitoes, which are active from evening until morning. Dengue, however, is caused by the dengue virus (Flavivirus) and is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are active during the daytime.

When comparing fever patterns, in malaria, the temperature rises sharply and periodically, accompanied by severe chills and profuse sweating. In the case of dengue, sudden and continuous high temperature is observed, without a clear cycle of chills.

Characteristic symptoms include: mild weakness and fatigue in malaria, whereas dengue is marked by very severe muscle and joint pain, leading to this condition being called 'breakbone fever'. Additionally, severe pain behind the eyes often occurs with dengue.

A rash is often observed in dengue, appearing several days after the onset of fever. There is a risk of rapid decrease in platelet levels, which in severe cases can lead to bleeding from the gums or nose. In malaria, rashes and bleeding occur much less frequently. Instead, the disease affects red blood cells, which can cause anemia or jaundice.

Malaria diagnosis is performed using microscopic analysis of a blood smear or rapid tests. Treatment includes special antimalarial drugs, such as artemisinin-based combination therapy. For dengue diagnosis, blood tests for NS1 antigen or antibodies are used. There are no specific antiviral drugs for dengue, and treatment is prescribed based on symptoms.

Some people experience headaches during the rainy season; this pain can range from mild to severe, and some notice an increase in pain in the morning. However, doctors note that rainy weather itself is not a direct cause of headaches, although climate changes can trigger migraines or headaches in some individuals.

During the rainy period, there is a change in temperature and humidity remains in the air. Although the effect of humidity is minor, the drop in temperature in the evening and morning can cause discomfort and headaches in sensitive people. Most often, this manifests as a migraine, but a viral infection can also be the cause.

Dr. Daljit Singh, a former professor of neurosurgery at GB Pant Hospital in Delhi, explained that the risk of viral infections and colds increases during the rainy season. Symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose, and sore throat can be accompanied by headaches. Nevertheless, if there is no viral infection or fever, and the headache persists, it may indicate a migraine.

If the headache worsens with bright light or loud noises, and is accompanied by nausea or vomiting, it may be a sign of a migraine. In such cases, weather changes and rain can act as a trigger. Dr. Daljit warns that constantly taking painkillers without consulting a specialist for frequent headaches is incorrect.

It is necessary to consult a doctor immediately if the headache suddenly becomes very severe and is accompanied by loss of consciousness, difficulty speaking, or weakness in any part of the body, as this should not be considered a normal headache.

To prevent headaches, it is recommended to ensure adequate sleep, avoid prolonged exposure to wet clothing during the rain, do not ignore cold symptoms, refrain from self-medication, and see a doctor if the headache lasts more than two days.