According to the report by Cimi titled 'Violence Against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil -- 2025 Data,' there was a 22% increase in indigenous murders. Homicide records were concentrated in the states of Roraima (with 82 cases), Amazonas (47 cases), and Mato Grosso do Sul (37 cases).
In addition to homicides, the document accounted for a total of 474 incidents of violence directed at indigenous peoples. This number includes 38 attempted murders, 46 incidents of racism and ethno-cultural discrimination, 33 cases of bodily harm, 25 instances of sexual violence, and 18 death threats.
The infant mortality rate also showed an increase, rising by 11% in 2025, reaching 1,024 deaths of indigenous babies and children under four years old, with Amazonas, Roraima, and Mato Grosso being the states with the highest incidence of cases.
Of the registered infant deaths, 57%, totaling 586 cases, were attributed to preventable causes. Among these are flu and pneumonia (responsible for 104 deaths), intestinal infectious diseases (85), and malnutrition (32), as detailed by Cimi.
Cimi establishes a link between this pattern of violence and the environment of territorial insecurity faced by original peoples, characterized by land disputes, invasions, and obstacles to the demarcation of their territories.
In 2025, 897 out of 1,443 indigenous lands and territorial claims were still awaiting administrative action, while 582 did not even have initial measures to proceed with demarcation.
The report describes various types of attacks, such as armed confrontations against communities, murders in regions contested by demarcation, and invasions of indigenous lands perpetrated by gold miners, loggers, hunters, or fishermen.
CIMI emphasizes in the report that while indigenous peoples fight for land possession and face vulnerability and violence, invaders' actions persist even on already demarcated lands, despite disintrusions operations carried out by the federal government.
Additionally, the report mentions impasses in the National Congress and the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court regarding legal theses and legislation that hinder the granting of new guaranteed demarcations to indigenous peoples.
Data on deaths and murders were collected by Cimi using the Mortality Information System, state health departments, and the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health Care.
Another relevant piece of data is the registration of 215 indigenous suicides in 2025, representing an increase of approximately 3.4% compared to 2024. Of these, 41% occurred among indigenous people aged 20 to 29, and 34% among those under 19.
Violence resulting from public omission totaled 366 cases, including 121 due to lack of support in the health area, 111 in education, 58 due to lack of general assistance, 62 deaths due to lack of sanitary assistance, and 14 episodes linked to the spread of alcohol and other illicit substances.
In the overall picture of violations against indigenous heritage, 1,276 cases were documented in 2025, covering 897 related to inertia and slowness in land regularization, 169 territorial conflicts, and 210 invasions, illegal resource exploitation, and damage to heritage.
