MIT Astronomers Discover Mysterious Object Resembling Star with Black Hole

Session cookies are very useful tools because they allow a website to identify that several requests come from the same computer, keeping the user authenticated. However, this convenience carries a risk, as cybercriminals frequently try to hijack accounts by exploiting session cookies.

In response to this threat, Google introduced a safeguard in Chrome designed to prevent such malicious actions. This new feature is called Device Bound Session Credentials (DBSC), which can be freely translated as 'Device-Bound Session Credentials.'

The process begins when a user accesses a compatible website and it generates a session cookie; at that moment, the browser produces a unique pair of cryptographic keys. The private key of this pair is then stored in a security chip on the user's computer, specifically the TPM chip on Windows machines or the Secure Enclave on Macs.

This measure offers significant protection: if a hacker manages to obtain a session cookie by any means, such as through malware, and tries to use it on another computer to invade the account, access will be denied. This happens because the receiving machine for the cookie does not possess the cryptographic key generated by DBSC.

The logic behind this is that the public key of the generated pair remains on the web servers. When an access request is made to these servers, they validate the session cookie and send an authentication challenge. Only the private key, stored in the TPM or Secure Enclave, can sign the response to this challenge, preventing unauthorized access by an intruder.

Although a breach of the TPM or Secure Enclave is theoretically possible, these chips were designed to be 'attack-proof,' making the risk of capturing the cryptographic key extremely low.

It is important to note that this protection requires the use of Chrome version 146 or higher for Windows systems. For Macs, DBSC support is already available, as reported by Ars Technica. However, availability for Linux has not yet been officially confirmed, although there is an implementation of the technology in the Chromium code for this system, still in the testing phase.

Growing competition in space provides India with a unique opportunity to shape a narrative based on cooperation rather than confrontation in space exploration. As a recognized reliable and cost-effective space power, India is ready to transform its technological achievements into long-term international partnerships that promote scientific progress, economic growth, and sustainable development.

The history of India's space program differs from many programs that arose from Cold War rivalry; its concept was originally conceived as a tool for national development. Under the leadership of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, India's space vision was based on the practical application of technology to improve the lives of ordinary citizens. Within this philosophy, satellites were developed for strengthening communication, weather forecasting, disaster management, healthcare, agriculture, and education.

This development-oriented approach remains a central element of India's space program and resonates strongly with countries of the Global South, which are interested in the practical use of space technologies, not just prestige. Today, India's achievements extend beyond purely developmental applications. Missions like Chandrayaan, the Mars Orbiter Mission, the Aditya-L1 solar observatory, and the upcoming Gaganyaan crewed flight program have established India as a nation capable of executing complex and reliable space missions.

The successful soft landing of Chandrayaan-3 near the Moon's south pole placed India among an exclusive group of space powers, demonstrating that global innovations can be achieved at relatively modest costs. India's growing stature comes amid the rapid expansion of the global space economy, which is currently valued at over $600 billion and is projected to reach $1.8 trillion by 2035. This sector is increasingly driven by commercial activities in satellite communications, Earth observation, navigation, climate services, broadband access, and new frontiers such as in-orbit servicing and lunar exploration.

Many countries seek to participate in this process but lack their own capabilities, looking for reliable long-term partners rather than just launch service providers. India possesses the necessary capabilities to meet these demands. The liberalization of the space sector in 2020 transformed the ecosystem, opening it up to private participation. The creation of the Indian National Centre for Promotion and Authorization of Space Activities (IN-SPACe), the growing commercial role of NewSpace India Limited, and the development of private enterprises have shaped one of the world's most dynamic space ecosystems.

Indian startups are developing launch vehicles, satellite platforms, geospatial applications, and propulsion systems, attracting global investment and clients. Companies such as Skyroot Aerospace, Pixxel, and Agnikul Cosmos have shown that Indian private entrepreneurship can compete internationally in advanced space technologies. The next step is the internationalization of this ecosystem.

Instead of positioning itself solely as a low-cost destination for launches, India will offer comprehensive partnerships that include satellite design, launch services, mission operational support, ground stations, astronaut training, capacity building, and end-product application in agriculture, disaster management, and maritime security. Chandrayaan-3 before its successful landing on the Moon's south pole. Recognized as a reliable and cost-effective space power, India is well-positioned to translate its technological achievements into robust international partnerships and play a significant role in shaping space governance.

Shaping Space Governance

Such integrated partnerships will be valuable for countries in the Global South and the Indo-Pacific region seeking access to affordable, customized, and reliable technologies to achieve their development priorities. India has demonstrated the diplomatic value of such cooperation. Through its South Asian satellite, it has provided communication and developmental advantages to neighboring countries. Indian launch vehicles have successfully placed hundreds of foreign satellites into orbit for governments, universities, and commercial operators worldwide.

India's decision to join the Artemis Accords reflects its willingness to participate in peaceful lunar exploration through international collaboration. Cooperation with NASA, the European Space Agency, and JAXA has strengthened India's scientific and technological capabilities. These partnerships reinforce India's position as a leading voice of the Global South. India offers development partnerships based on accessibility, reliability, and mutual respect, rather than creating technological dependency.

Thus, space cooperation has become an increasingly important tool of Indian diplomacy, strengthening bilateral relations and delivering tangible development outcomes. To fully realize its potential, India intends to maintain the pace of reforms. Accelerating regulatory procedures, greater access to venture capital, strengthening intellectual property protection, and closer interaction between research institutions, industry, and academia will be crucial.

Government procurement policies will continue to support Indian startups, allowing them to scale, innovate, and integrate into global supply chains. India is ready to play a more significant role in shaping space governance. Orbital congestion, space debris, responsible resource use, and equitable access to new space opportunities are becoming pressing international issues. As space activities expand, the need for nations capable of reaching consensus on responsible norms and practices will grow. India's long-standing commitment to the peaceful use of outer space, combined with growing technological capabilities, allows it to make a significant contribution to developing rules that promote transparency, sustainability, and equitable access.

The coming decade will determine not only which countries become leaders in space but also how space will be governed. With its scientific capabilities, entrepreneurial ecosystem, and international standing, India has a unique foundation to bridge the gap between established and emerging space powers. By forging collaborative partnerships based on inclusivity, mutual benefit, and innovation, India can transform its space program into a vital pillar of its global engagement. In an increasingly divided world, India's space sector serves as a powerful reminder that the greatest achievements in space are those that unite nations, and this could be India's most enduring contribution to the next chapter of humanity.

Each new generation of mobile networks transitions to new frequency bands, and equipment for operating in these bands appears even before the standards are finalized. Researchers working on 6G technologies require radio systems capable of transmitting and receiving signals in bands inaccessible to current equipment, and they need these systems now, years before their actual deployment.

This concerns the FR3 band, which is located approximately between 7 and 24 gigahertz. This band sits between today's frequencies and very high millimeter waves. This is where a significant portion of 6G work is expected to concentrate, as it offers greater bandwidth than low bands while avoiding the coverage issues inherent in high frequencies.

The company was established in Chennai in July 2023 with the goal of creating equipment to solve this problem. The company's directors are Lakshman Bhaskaran and Ravi Teja Devara. The company emphasizes its roots in the research ecosystem around IIT Madras.

The equipment that this company competes against is almost entirely imported, with the research group in India acquiring software-defined radio for the new band typically purchasing American or European tools.

Software-defined radio moves as many functions of a radio system into software as possible. Instead of fixed circuits tuned to a specific band, the hardware digitizes a wide spectrum, allowing the code to determine what to do with it. This means one device can be reconfigured for various experiments and standards.

The company's platform covers the FR3 band and performs data processing directly on the board. It uses Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for real-time beamforming, spectrum probing, and signal conditioning, without the need for external GPUs, which means less surrounding radio equipment for the lab.

The platform's architecture is modular and synchronized, which is critical for experiments conducted by its clients. Massive MIMO technology, which involves using multiple antennas simultaneously, cannot be tested on a single receiver; several devices working in coordination are required for this. The company states that its platform scales from a single unit to multi-node testbeds.

The company's clients include research groups, telecommunications equipment manufacturers, defense electronics companies, and drone manufacturers. The company positions itself based on affordable cost and open architecture.

REIO Systems has revenue but very little external funding. According to corporate reports, turnover for the year ending March 2025 was less than 10 crore rupees, and the company reports seed funding of about $52,000 and paid-up capital of 1 lakh rupees.

For a three-year-old hardware company, sales before attracting investment is unusual. Testing and measurement equipment is purchased by institutions with budgets, not end consumers, making early revenue more attainable than in most hardware categories.

The company has joined the Bharat Innovates 2026 program and was presented at the Nice exhibition in June, where it demonstrated seeking European research institutions for collaboration on FR3 and Massive MIMO testbeds. European universities and telecommunications research groups are among the primary users of such equipment, and a cheaper platform sells more easily to a laboratory than to a network operator.

Information regarding client names, order volumes, or number of units sold is not publicly available. On its own website, the company mentions defense research groups and wireless startups among its users without naming them specifically.