American scientists conducted a study to determine the relationship between the number of trees in urban environments and the mortality rate among residents. The analysis of data collected in Chicago neighborhoods between 2011 and 2021 allowed for several important conclusions to be drawn.
The researchers studied various aspects of the city's districts, including data on temperature, types of causes of death, and tree canopy density. It was found that even a small annual increase in green canopy area of 0.03% can prevent over one hundred deaths per year. Furthermore, the expansion of park areas correlated with a noticeable decrease in cases of death from heart disease, respiratory problems, joint diseases, and severe mental disorders.
The most pronounced positive effect of greening was observed in the hottest parts of Chicago. In these zones, it was noted that the loss of trees over time led to an increase in the number of deaths. The study authors emphasize that trees play a role as a natural cooler for the urban environment, and green spaces themselves contribute to reducing stress levels and promoting a healthier lifestyle.
It is important to note that the study did not conclude that a large number of trees by itself guarantees a reduction in mortality. The critical factor turned out to be the gradual increase in the area of green cover and the preservation of existing plantings.
Scientists believe that active planting and careful care of trees, especially in regions with high heat, can become an effective method for protecting citizens' health and helping megacities combat rising temperatures. Trees perform functions of protection against heatstroke, purify the air from harmful pollutants, and significantly reduce stress levels.
In the context of climate change, it was previously reported that there was significant warming in Uzbekistan in July 2026. In most regions, the average temperature exceeded the climatic norm by 1.3–2.3 degrees. Specifically, Uchkuduk recorded a record air temperature of 49.7 degrees, and in Tashkent, the temperature reached 44.3 degrees on July 19. In the south and desert areas, up to 23 days were noted with temperatures above 40 degrees.
The construction of a waste processing and power generation plant in the Karshi district of Kashkadarya region, Uzbekistan, is nearing completion. This project is valued at 150 million US dollars and is capable of processing up to 1000 tons of municipal solid waste daily.
Annually, about 14 million tons of municipal waste are generated in Uzbekistan, with approximately 930,000 tons generated only in the Kashkadarya region. The goal of this facility is to process garbage, reduce its negative impact on the environment, and produce electricity.
The construction is being carried out with the involvement of foreign direct investment. The plant occupies an eight-hectare site and is designed to process about 1000 tons of waste per day, which equates to approximately 45,000 tons monthly.
Electricity generation will be achieved through the processing and incineration of municipal solid waste. According to available data, the plant's capacity will be 45,000 kWh per hour, and the annual electricity generation will exceed 240 million kWh.
Modern recycling technologies and advanced filtration systems are being implemented during construction. Project participants assert that this technology prevents the emission of toxic gases into the atmosphere. A monitoring system is operational at the site, and the regional environmental department monitors emissions from the smokestacks.
Work is progressing at an accelerated pace with the participation of about 30 units of modern equipment and over 300 specialists from local and Chinese countries. Approximately 20 local experts are already working alongside international colleagues to gain experience and operational knowledge.
It is planned that within the next five years, 80%–90% of the jobs at the facility will be filled by local employees. After the object launches, local specialists plan to undergo training in China.
The project includes four main phases, a significant part of which has already been completed. Equipment and filtration systems supplied from China have been installed. Measures to prevent groundwater contamination have also been integrated into the implementation process.
The total cost of this project and a similar one under construction in the Samarkand region reaches 400 million US dollars.
For a long time, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India was mainly limited to tree planting, cleanliness drives, and rare conservation projects. Although these initiatives continue, companies are increasingly directing their CSR efforts toward a more strategic direction. They are now strengthening climate resilience, ensuring water resources, promoting circular material use, and helping communities adapt to global warming.
This shift reflects a growing understanding that environmental sustainability is no longer solely an issue of nature protection. It is now linked to protecting livelihoods, businesses, and the economy as a whole.
Climate change is already impacting water availability, agriculture, supply chains, and industrial activities. As these risks intensify, Indian corporations are beginning to view environmental CSR not as philanthropy, but as an investment in long-term sustainability.
The scale of the problem is immense. According to the Indian Climate Finance Taxonomy project, the country will require about $2.5 trillion (approximately 2.5 lakh crore or 250 trillion rupees) to meet its climate commitments by 2030, and adaptation to climate change alone could require investments of nearly 56.7 trillion rupees over the same period. These figures underscore why sustainability has become a business imperative, not just an environmental requirement.
Companies are increasingly tying their CSR programs to this new reality. Water has become one of the main priorities. The Central Ground Water Board of India reports that 245.6 billion cubic meters of groundwater are extracted annually, with 751 assessed blocks classified as over-exploited, 206 as critical, and another 711 as semi-critical. Agriculture consumes 87% of extracted groundwater, making water scarcity a problem that extends far beyond farms, affecting industries, cities, and supply chains.
Within CSR programs, this has led to a transition from isolated water projects to multidisciplinary landscape-level interventions. For example, Infosys reports creating 40 lakes on its campuses, with a total capacity of 430 million liters for rainwater harvesting, supported by 409 deep injection wells and complete wastewater recycling.
UltraTech Cement states that during the financial year 2024-25, its operations became 4.9 times water positive due to rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, watershed management, and recycling initiatives. Hindustan Zinc reports achieving 3.3 times water positivity while targeting a 50% reduction in freshwater consumption by 2030. Meanwhile, ITC has expanded watershed restoration and river basin management programs alongside improving water use efficiency.
A common thread in all these initiatives is that they benefit both communities and businesses. Watershed restoration improves groundwater availability for nearby villages while simultaneously reducing water-related risks for industrial enterprises. Wastewater recycling lessens the burden on fresh resources and helps industries operate more sustainably.
The focus is also expanding beyond water. Another developing area for CSR is the circular economy, where companies strive to minimize waste and maximize resource utilization. Instead of viewing waste merely as something to be disposed of, enterprises are increasingly investing in recycling, reuse, and resource recovery.
India's regulatory framework now covers plastics, batteries, e-waste, tires, and construction waste, along with several other waste streams under Extended Producer Responsibility rules. As of March 2026, registered recyclers have processed 417.6 lakh metric tons of waste, generating nearly 342 lakh metric tons of EPR certificates. The government has also introduced an incentive scheme worth 1.5 thousand crore rupees to encourage the recycling of critical minerals such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt.
Corporate initiatives are increasingly reflecting this transition. Tata Steel reported recycling about 4.2 million tons of scrap metal during the financial year 2024-25. Infosys diverted 98% of its waste from landfills, while Hindustan Zinc is working towards achieving near zero waste to landfill by 2030 through increased reuse and recycling. These examples demonstrate how environmental investments can reduce raw material consumption, lower disposal costs, and enhance resource security.
CSR is also beginning to support innovation, rather than just funding traditional projects. Technological solutions are emerging as an important area of investment. Digital Paani, presented in the NITI Aayog Advanced Technology Repository, uses IoT-based automation to optimize wastewater treatment plants. This platform has been implemented in over 40 facilities, treating more than 90 million liters of wastewater daily.
In agriculture, Kheyti's 'box greenhouse' model has demonstrated how climate-smart farming can boost resilience. According to a study in the report, participating farmers recorded a 73% increase in income, a 58% reduction in crop losses, a 67% decrease in water consumption, and significantly reduced fertilizer use. Satellite platforms like SatSure also help governments, financial institutions, and agribusinesses assess climate risks and improve decision-making using AI and remote sensing data.
The evolution of environmental CSR reflects a broader shift in corporate thinking. Previously, environmental expenditures were often measured by the number of trees planted or information campaigns organized. Today, companies are increasingly asking whether their investments improve water security, strengthen ecosystems, reduce resource consumption, and help communities withstand climate shocks. This approach also aligns more closely with business priorities: healthier watersheds mean more reliable water sources, and circular resource use reduces dependence on virgin materials. Climate-resilient agriculture strengthens rural livelihoods while enhancing supply chain stability. Thus, investments in environmental sustainability yield benefits that go beyond compliance or corporate reputation.
Questions regarding the safety of fruits and vegetables on our tables often arise. Recently, the government presented data in Lok Sabha, shedding light on the real state of food security, agricultural production, and trade in the country.
The Union Minister of Agriculture, Shivaaj Singh Chauhan, stated in Lok Sabha that 70,652 samples were tested nationally over the last three years (from 2023-24 to 2025-26). Pesticide residues were found in only 3.1% (2,223 samples), exceeding the established FSSAI limit for safe residue, known as MRL (Maximum Residue Limit). This means that not all market vegetables are toxic; 96.9% of the samples were deemed safe.
Under the Monitoring Program for National Levels (MPRNL), operational since 2005, tracking is conducted down to the fields using GPS coordinates to facilitate the adoption of safe agricultural practices.
India remains a net exporter of fruits and vegetables. If exports of these products amounted to $2.45 billion in 2016-17, they grew to $3.93 billion by 2025-26 (approximately 5.82 million tonnes). However, due to growing domestic demand, imports also increased, reaching $3.82 billion compared to $1.78 billion.
To achieve a more accurate crop assessment, 'Digital Crop Survey' is now being implemented in 23 states. In this system, harvest data is entered using a mobile application and GPS photographs. Following suggestions from stakeholders, the government withdrew the 'Draft Sugar Order, 2026.'
As part of a national mission aimed at reducing edible oil imports, the cultivation of palm oil has begun on an area of 2.98 lakh hectares, with results expected in 4-5 years upon full production. In 2025-26, India produced 9.05 lakh tonnes of rubber, while importing 4.59 lakh tonnes. Due to international market influences, the average price of rubber increased from ₹197 to ₹253 per kilogram.
Statistics indicate that instead of fearing, vigilance must be maintained. The government's focus is not only on preventing pesticide use but also on ensuring safe production through Integrated Pest Management (IPM), digital surveillance, and reducing import dependency.
