A women-led cooperative is transforming communal lands into a profitable retail business. Bukeka Bukwana and four other women in Sterkspruit, East Cape, are turning communal land into a growing enterprise through their primary cooperative, Zakhe Youth Development.
Using crops such as spinach, cabbage, ready-to-cook vegetables, and sorghum products, they find various ways to increase crop efficiency despite constant challenges from drought.
Like many South Africans seeking entry into the job market, Bukwana spent two years looking for work after qualifying as an electrician at Ekurhuleni East College in 2008. Having grown up in Johannesburg, she decided to return home to Sterkspruit. Initially, she started a home garden to feed her family, but when neighbors showed interest in her produce, she began selling the surplus.
In 2022, Bukwana founded Zakhe Youth Development Primary Co-operative with four other women: Ntombikize Mabuyahulu, who oversees financial oversight; Nomawethu Mhithika, who handles human resources, research, and innovation; Nokusiza Mtshazo, who manages marketing and business development; and Nompiliso Bukwana, who supervises agro-processing, value addition, and risk management. Bukwana manages administration, strategic leadership, and agricultural production. She notes: 'Our goal has always been to create opportunities for rural communities while proving that communal lands can be commercially productive.'
The cooperative applied for communal land and was granted use of 139 hectares for a 20-year term. As demand grew, the women sought ways to make their products more convenient for buyers, especially households preparing for traditional ceremonies and funerals. They began washing, slicing, and packaging spinach and cabbage into ready-to-cook vegetable kits. These products are now sold in Boxer supermarkets and to local residents.
In the face of recurring droughts threatening production, the collective adopted climate-smart agriculture. They invested in producing shade nets, drilled a borehole, and installed drip irrigation to improve water use efficiency. Furthermore, they collaborated with the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) to study local and drought-resistant crops, including their nutritional value.
The cooperative received funding from the Department of Social Development, the National Development Agency (NDA), the Eastern Cape Department of Agriculture, and the Eastern Cape Development Corporation (ECDC). Currently, 63 hectares are cultivated on the 139-hectare farm: 10 hectares for cabbage, spinach, and potatoes, 50 hectares for sorghum, one hectare for research and trials, and two hectares for indigenous maize varieties. However, limited irrigation remains a serious obstacle, leaving a significant portion of the land unused.
Bukwana reports that they are working with the Department of Water and Sanitation to obtain a water use license. This process requires compliance with environmental and technical standards before approval.
The cooperative also practices crop rotation according to seasons. In winter, they focus on cabbage, spinach, and potatoes, while summer production includes pumpkin and beans. Bukwana emphasizes: 'Crop rotation is one of the most important practices on our farm. It helps improve soil health, reduces the buildup of pests and diseases, and ensures better nutrient utilization in the soil.'
For Bukwana, access to water remains central to the future of the cooperative. She believes that as farmers, they all depend on water, so there must be a system that balances agricultural production with the protection of rivers and groundwater for future generations.
Bukwana told Food For Mzansi that funding remains one of the biggest challenges faced by emerging farmers, but she realized that building a successful farming business depends not only on attracting funds. She notes that every organization that invested in Zakhe Youth Development helped solve a different problem, which collectively contributed to transforming the cooperative from a small community garden into a commercial farming enterprise.
The Department of Social Development provided seed capital for drilling the borehole and purchasing agricultural resources, laying the foundation for more sustainable production. ECDC, through the Imvaba Cooperative Fund, supported the cooperative's transition to mechanization, while the Department of Agriculture provided a tractor and agricultural equipment. As production grew, NDA provided funding for scaling up the cooperative and moving towards commercialization.
Another crucial step was joining the Boxer Supplier Development Programme. Boxer helped the cooperative enter the formal market by providing access to LGAP training, agricultural resources, and mentorship regarding retailers' expectations of commercial suppliers. Bukwana stresses: 'This support gave us the confidence and knowledge to prepare for supplying the retail sector.'