Creating social media profiles during pre-adolescence may be correlated with lower academic achievement in subsequent years. An investigation involving over five thousand Italian students identified this correlation, particularly in mathematics and Italian subjects.
According to the research published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour, this finding remained even after analysts took into account variables such as students' prior performance, family composition, and parents' educational level.
The difference manifests over the years
In practice, students who chose to postpone starting social media use showed an educational advantage equivalent to about six months of learning when compared to those who created their accounts between the ages of 11 and 12.
To reach this conclusion, scientists examined data from 5,227 students from 28 educational institutions located in northern Italy. This survey collected information on social media engagement between 2023 and 2024 and cross-referenced this data with results obtained in standardized tests for Italian, mathematics, and English.
The research revealed four crucial points: below-expected performance in mathematics and Italian among users who joined social media earlier; no significant disparities in English grades; a connection between frequent phone checking and lower school results; and less parental supervision among students who opened accounts early.
What could explain this result?
It is important to note that the study does not establish that social media is the direct cause of deteriorating academic performance. However, the researchers controlled for various factors that could influence the results, such as students' performance history and inherent family characteristics.
Marco Gui, a researcher at the University of Milano-Bicocca and the study's lead author, commented that there are already consistent pieces of evidence that premature use of these platforms requires attention. He stated: 'I think we now know there is a problem and that it is complex, related to how these platforms are built.'
Gui speculated that one of the possible mechanisms involved is the constant state of attention induced by the applications. He detailed: 'We speculate that one of the mechanisms is this continuous state of alert that social media used on smartphones exerts on the lives of minors.'
The association requires caution
The authors emphasize that the nature of the research is observational, meaning it does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship. Nevertheless, the correlation between early social media use and lower performance in mathematics and Italian remained stable throughout the analysis.
Additionally, the study found that the advantage of students who delayed opening accounts is equivalent to approximately half the benefit typically associated with intensive school reinforcement programs, and this comparison was used only to quantify the difference found.
The researchers argue that the findings reinforce the urgency of providing guidance to families and educational institutions regarding social media use in the pre-adolescent phase. Concurrently, they suggest that making these platforms less dependent on resources that encourage incessant access can help mitigate this impact.