During the CJP and student demonstrations taking place at Jantar Mantar in Delhi, a discussion arose regarding new technologies. It is reported that some demonstrators are using messengers whose functionality does not require an internet or mobile network connection.
Authorities' and Protesters' Suspicions
In light of this, the Delhi police are examining how these applications work and the possibilities for tracking messages sent through them. Protesters claim that signal jammers have been installed in the area, resulting in the absence of both internet and cellular coverage on mobile devices.
How Alternative Messengers Work
Unlike popular applications such as WhatsApp, Telegram, or Signal, which rely on the internet to send messages, there are specialized programs that utilize Bluetooth or sometimes Wi-Fi Direct technology instead of the internet.
These applications allow for message exchange over a certain distance, even if mobile traffic is disabled, 4G or 5G is not working, or the internet is completely blocked. A key feature of such programs is the Mesh Network technology.
How Mesh Network Works
Simply put, in a Mesh Network system, every phone acts as a miniature tower. If your contact is within 50 or 100 meters, the message will reach them directly. If the distance is greater, but there are other users of the same application between the sender and receiver, the message is passed sequentially from one phone to another until it reaches the intended recipient. This is why the system is called a Mesh Network.
Thanks to this mechanism, messages do not pass through traditional mobile towers or centralized servers, making them harder to track compared to regular internet messages. Nevertheless, this does not rule out investigation; law enforcement agencies can use other digital evidence, CCTV footage, or phone data.
Examples of Offline Apps
Currently, applications such as Bridgefy, Briar, and Bitchat are attracting the most attention. Bridgefy uses Bluetooth to connect neighboring devices and relay messages from one phone to another. Developers point out that this is useful during internet outages, natural disasters, large events, or in densely populated areas.
Briar functions differently: when the internet is available, it uses the Tor network, but in its absence, it can connect directly to other phones via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. This application is specifically designed for journalists, social activists, and individuals requiring secure communication.
Bitchat is a relatively new application that also relies on Bluetooth Mesh technology. It does not require a phone number, email address, or access to large servers, but rather distributes messages through nearby phones.
Limitations and Application of Technologies
Such applications are not only used during protests. They are indispensable when mobile communication is cut off due to earthquakes, floods, or other disasters to maintain contact with people. These applications have been used in various countries around the world during internet shutdowns.
However, these technologies have their limitations. They cannot deliver messages globally instantly like WhatsApp. Their range is limited by Bluetooth, and effective operation requires a significant number of users of the same application nearby. If there are few people in the area, the message cannot travel further. Thus, an internet outage does not mean a complete cessation of contact, as the Bluetooth Mesh technology provides some possibility of exchanging messages without dependence on the mobile network, which caused increased interest in them during the demonstrations in Delhi.