The phrase 'I'll be there in five minutes!' is familiar to many, as there are almost always people in life who are late for meetings, offices, or family events. Such people are often mistakenly considered lazy, irresponsible, or inattentive. However, psychology suggests that constant lateness is not always a sign of a bad habit or disregard for others. Various psychological, behavioral, and personality factors may underlie this, although one cannot define a person's entire character based on a single habit.
Cognitive Errors in Planning
Some people tend to underestimate the time required to complete tasks. They might assume that preparation, such as washing up, getting dressed, or having breakfast, will only take twenty minutes, when in reality it might take forty or forty-five minutes. In psychology, this phenomenon is called the 'Planning Fallacy,' where a person overly optimistically estimates the time needed to finish a task, which often leads to being late.
Behavioral Patterns and Multitasking
There is a tendency to postpone starting work until the last possible moment, when time becomes critically short. People with this trait may remain in a state of relaxation for a long time, believing they still have enough time. When the time to leave arrives, they realize that much remains unfinished and are forced to work under severe stress, which most often leads to lateness.
Another factor is the attempt to do many things at once. A person might try to change clothes, make phone calls, browse social media, and fill a water bottle before leaving, all while convincing themselves that there is still enough time. Although such people consider themselves effective multitaskers, the accumulation of these small actions inevitably prolongs the process.
The Influence of Creativity and Anxiety
Studies show that some creative individuals can become completely immersed in a project, idea, book, or music, losing track of time. For them, hours seem to stop. Nevertheless, this behavior is observed only in a portion of creative people, and not everyone who is late possesses high creativity.
Psychological tension can also be a cause of lateness. Some people constantly check locks, gas, phones, wallets, or keys before leaving due to the fear of forgetting something. These people are not intentionally late; their anxiety prevents them from leaving on time.
Time Perception and Personality Traits
Different people have different perceptions of the pace of time. Some may feel they still have plenty of time, while objectively they are already late. This encourages them to relax during preparation, which ultimately requires rushing. Psychology includes the trait of 'Conscientiousness,' which characterizes people who are capable of planning, taking responsibility, and respecting time. A low level of this trait can hinder proper time management.
Scientific Research and Correction Methods
Research conducted by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979 confirms that people often err in estimating the time required to complete a task, which is the basis of the 'Planning Fallacy.' Furthermore, studies by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae point to a link between responsibility, planning, and punctuality. The authors emphasize that lateness is not always equivalent to irresponsibility.
The habit can be changed with small efforts: one should plan to leave 15 minutes earlier, prepare items and necessary objects in advance, use phone reminders, and always allow extra time for unforeseen delays, such as traffic jams. It is important to remember that one cannot judge a person solely by their punctuality, as their behavior depends on upbringing, work pressure, mental state, and circumstances.