Many patients consult doctors with the problem of high cholesterol, wondering why it remains elevated even when they follow a proper diet and exercise regularly. Cardiologist Dr. Anil Dhal and Dr. Tarun Kumar explained the true reasons for this phenomenon.
Mechanisms of Cholesterol Formation
Dr. Anil Dhal explained that to understand the problem, one must study the distribution and patterns of cholesterol production in the body. About 25 percent of all cholesterol comes from food, while the majority is produced by the organs themselves. The liver is the main producer because the body needs cholesterol to create healthy cells.
Genetic Factors and Stress
According to Dr. Dhal, some people have a genetic predisposition to excessive cholesterol production. This is linked to familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), which arises from changes in a specific gene, leading to high cholesterol from birth, which often remains elevated regardless of diet or physical activity.
Furthermore, mental stress also contributes to increased cholesterol. Stress causes the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases cholesterol levels, allowing it to gradually enter the bloodstream and contribute to plaque formation. Another process affecting cholesterol levels is that the liver converts cholesterol into bile acids. Some intestinal bacteria possess an enzyme that reverses this process, causing cholesterol to return to the blood instead of being excreted as waste.
How to Recognize a Genetic Cause
Professor Dr. Tarun Kumar, Director of the Cardiology Department at Medanta Medicity Hospital, noted that if total cholesterol exceeds 200 mg/dL despite exercising and eating well, the cause might be genetic. It is important to consider the family medical history; if parents also have high cholesterol, a lipid profile test should be undergone. This test is recommended starting at age 9 to 11, although it can be done later to take timely control measures.
Cholesterol Control Strategies
Dr. Tarun added that in cases where high cholesterol is due to genetic factors, medication prescribed by a doctor will be necessary. However, in addition to taking medicine, it is essential to continue monitoring diet and engaging in physical activity.