When discussing development issues, people often focus on obvious results such as the construction of roads, railways, factories, and ports, as well as the reduction of poverty and improvement in quality of life. These signs of progress are highly significant.
However, they also raise a deeper question: how can a country transform long-term national goals into sustainable improvements in the lives of its population? This question concerns many countries in the Global South. Modernization is not a ready-made formula nor does it follow a single path; it is shaped by history, culture, institutions, resources, and the choice of each people. No country can simply copy another's path, but states can learn from each other in the search for effective governance, sustainable development, and a better future.
China's experience represents one contribution to this broad dialogue. As a large developing country with a population of over 1.4 billion people, China has faced complex challenges in achieving development, maintaining stability, and improving welfare. Its successes were not the result of a single policy or moment, but rather the gradual accumulation of experience through the ability to maintain a clear direction while adjusting methods according to changing circumstances.
Continuity and Adaptation in Governance
An important aspect of understanding this experience is the link between continuity and change. Development requires patience: infrastructure, education, healthcare, industrial modernization, poverty alleviation, rural revitalization, and environmental protection—all require years of coordination and investment. A country must be able to look beyond short-term pressures and remain focused on long-term objectives.
China's Five-Year Plans reflect this emphasis on continuity, serving as strategic roadmaps. They define priorities, guide resources, and set political direction, while leaving room for local experimentation and adjustment. The value of these plans lies not only in the planning itself but in linking planning to implementation. Goals must be translated into concrete tasks, and policies must be executed at various levels.
Nevertheless, continuity does not mean rejecting change. Reforms have played a central role in China's development. After reforms and opening up, China advanced through experimentation, experience, and adjustments. Many important measures began as pilot programs, local trials, or sectoral reforms before being expanded more widely. This approach allowed China to test solutions in real conditions, learn from practice, and gradually refine policies. Therefore, China's governance cannot be viewed as a fixed model; it is a constantly evolving process. From special economic zones to industrial parks, from rural reforms to digital governance, from poverty eradication to green development, China has often moved by combining national guidance with practical experimentation.
People-Oriented Development
Another aspect of China's experience is its people-centric approach. Economic growth is necessary, but it is not the ultimate measure of development. The true measure is whether people are living better and have more opportunities. China's campaign to combat extreme poverty illustrates this approach. Instead of applying a uniform formula everywhere, China identified poor households, studied local conditions, and implemented targeted measures, including infrastructure improvement, local industry development, education, healthcare, and resettlement where necessary.
The significance of this experience lies not only in the scale of poverty reduction but also in the fact that effective governance must reach real people in real places. National averages are important, but they cannot replace an understanding of the actual situation of households, villages, and communities. This customer-oriented approach continues to shape China's focus on employment, education, public health, social security, and rural revitalization.
Modernization should be assessed not only by cities, industries, or technologies, but by how many more people can participate in development. Green development offers another example of China's constant adaptation. As a developing country, China has been forced to balance growth, industrialization, energy security, and environmental protection. This is a complex task for any country, yet China has made significant progress in renewable energy, electric vehicles, battery technology, and green infrastructure. For the Global South, the green transition must be equitable, practical, and supportive of development.
Diversity of Paths and Mutual Learning
China's governance experience also holds broader significance. For a long time, modernization was sometimes presented as if there was only one path. China's path demonstrates that development trajectories can be diverse. A country can learn from the world while remaining rooted in its own conditions. It can embrace cooperation while retaining the right to choose the path suitable for its people.
This is also the spirit with which China approaches cooperation with Africa. China does not seek to export a model nor does it believe that one country holds all the answers. Cooperation must be based on equality, mutual respect, and mutual learning. China's cooperation with African countries has focused on practical areas such as infrastructure, trade, investment, agriculture, education, public health, and people-to-people exchange, as development is the foundation of peace, dignity, and stability.
China and South Africa are important members of the Global South. Both countries share a long friendship, strong political trust, and a wide scope for cooperation. Here, in KwaZulu-Natal, exchanges in trade, investment, clean energy, skills development, tourism, digital economy, education, and local-level cooperation can help bring partnerships closer to communities and daily life. Such cooperation is not about one side teaching the other; it is about leveraging each other's strengths, learning from experiences, and creating opportunities tailored to local conditions.
Practical Key to Understanding
The key to understanding China's governance achievements is not a mystery. It lies in seeing how a large developing country has strived to combine continuity with reform, planning with implementation, national development with people's well-being, and internal progress with openness to the world. Ultimately, governance is about a country's ability to turn its vision into reality. China's path shows that development is built step by step through long-term efforts, practical actions, and continuous learning. This can be a useful key to understanding China's experience and the contribution China can make to the global pursuit of development among the Global South.